reduce的中文

时间: 2024-11-09 01:32:35

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reduce
/ ri5dju:s /

◙ verb, [with obj.]
1. make smaller or less in amount, degree, or size
• 减少（数量)，降低（程度)，缩小（规模）
»the need for businesses to reduce costs.
  公司降低成本的需要。
»the workforce has been reduced to some 6,100.
  职工总数已被减至6,100人左右。
»[as adj. reduced] a reduced risk of coronary disease.
  降低了的冠心病风险。
  [no obj.] become smaller or less in size, amount, or degree
• （规模）缩小，（数量）减少，（程度）降低
»the number of priority homeless cases has reduced slightly.
  被优先照顾的无家可归者人数已微幅下降。
  boil (a sauce or other liquid) in cooking so that it becomes thicker and more concentrated
• 慢煮使（调味汁等液体）浓缩变稠
  [no obj.] (chiefly N. Amer.)(of a person) lose weight, typically by dieting
• [主北美] （尤指通过节食）减轻体重，减肥
»by May she had reduced to 9 stone.
  到五月份她的体重已减至九英石。
  (archaic)conquer (a place), in particular besiege and capture (a town or fortress)
• [古] 攻克，征服（尤指围攻并占领城镇或要塞）
  [Photography] make (a negative or print) less dense
• [摄] 减薄（底片或图片）
  [Phonetics] articulate (a speech sound) in a way requiring less muscular effort, giving rise in vowels to a more central articulatory position
• [语音] 弱化
2. (reduce someone/thing to)bring someone or something to (a lower or weaker state, condition, or role)
• 使（某人／事）降至（某种状态、境地或角色）
»she has been reduced to near poverty.
  她沦落到几乎一无所有。
»the church was reduced to rubble.
  教堂成了一堆碎石。
  (be reduced to doing something)(of a person) be forced by difficult circumstances into doing something desperate
• （人）被逼无奈，走投无路
»ordinary soldiers are reduced to begging.
  普通士兵被迫行乞街头。
  make someone helpless with (an expression of emotion, especially with hurt, shock, or amusement)
• 使无法不表露某种神情（尤指受屈、受惊或感到有趣）
»Olga was reduced to stunned silence.
  奥尔加被吓得一言不发。
  force into (obedience or submission)
• 使顺从；使屈服
»he succeeds in reducing his grandees to due obedience.
  他成功地使他的大公们服服帖帖。
3. (reduce something to)change a substance to (a different or more basic form)
• 使改变形式；使还原
»it is difficult to understand how lava could have been reduced to dust.
  很难理解熔岩是如何变成灰的。
  present a problem or subject in (a simplified form)
• 归纳，简化
»he reduces unimaginable statistics to manageable proportions.
  他把不可思议的统计数据简化到可操作程度。
  convert a fraction to (the form with the lowest terms)
• 将分数约到（最小项）
4. [Chemistry] cause to combine chemically with hydrogen
• [化] 使还原
  undergo or cause to undergo a reaction in which electrons are gained from another substance or molecule
• （使）进行还原反应。

【OPP】 oxidize

5. restore (a dislocated part) to its proper position by manipulation or surgery
• 使（脱臼，断骨）复位
remedy (a dislocation) in such a way
• 治疗（脱臼，断骨）

【IDIOMS】

◘ reduced circumstances
1. used euphemistically to refer to the state of being poor after being relatively wealthy
• [委婉表达从富到穷] 生活窘迫
»a divorcee living in reduced circumstances.
生活拮据的离婚者。
◘ reduce someone to the ranks
1. demote a non-commissioned officer to an ordinary soldier
• 把军士降为普通士兵

【派生】

♦ reducer noun

【语源】

1. late Middle English: from Latin reducere, from re- 'back, again' + ducere 'bring, lead'. The original sense was 'bring back' (hence 'restore', now surviving in sense 5); this led to 'bring to a different state', then 'bring to a simpler or lower state' (hence sense 3); and finally 'diminish in size or amount' (sense 1, dating from the late 18th cent.)